Enhanced Striatal NR2B-Containing N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Currents in a Mouse Model of Huntington Disease

Huntington disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by expansion of a polyglutamine tract near the N terminus of the protein huntingtin, leading to dramatic loss of striatal medium-sized spiny GABAergic projection neurons (MSNs). Evidence suggests overactivation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) contributes to selective degeneration of MSNs in HD. Striatal MSNs are enriched in NR2B, and whole cell current and excitotoxicity mediated predominantly by the NR2B subtype of NMDARs is increased with expression of mutant huntingtin in transfected cell lines and striatal MSNs from mice models. To test whether synaptic NMDAR current is altered by mutant huntingtin expression, we recorded striatal MSN excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) evoked by stimulation of cortical afferents in corticostriatal slices from YAC72 mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates at age 21-31 days. The ratio of NMDAR- to AMPAR-mediated EPSC amplitude was significantly increased in YAC72 compared to WT mice. Furthermore, using a paired-pulse stimulation protocol as a measure of presynaptic glutamate release probability, we found no significant differences between YAC72 and WT striatal MSN responses. These data suggest selective potentiation of postsynaptic NMDAR activity at corticostriatal synapses in YAC72 mice. Measurements of EPSC decay kinetics, as well as the effects of NR2B-subtype selective antagonists and glycine concentration on EPSC amplitude, are consistent with the majority of postsynaptic NMDARs being triheteromers of NR1/NR2A/NR2B in both WT and YAC72 mice. Together with previous results, our data suggest that enhanced activity of NR2B-containing NMDARs is one of the earliest changes leading to neuronal degeneration in HD.