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Limited information exists regarding the impact of different temperature stimuli on myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression in skeletal muscle during recovery from injury. Therefore, this experiment investigated the impact of both cold and heat exposure on the MyHC isoform profile in the rat soleus during recovery from injury. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, bupivacaine-injected (BPVC), BPVC with icing, and BPVC with heat stress groups. Muscle injury was induced by intramuscular injection of bupivacaine into soleus muscles of male Wistar rats. Icing treatment (0°C for 20 min) was performed immediately after the injury. Intermittent heat stress (42°C for 30 min on alternating days) was carried out during 2–14 days after bupivacaine injection. In response to injury, a transient increase in developmental, IId/x, and IIb MyHC isoforms, as well as various types of hybrid fibers, followed by the recovery of the MyHC profile toward the control level, was noted in the regeneration of the soleus. The restoration of the MyHC profile in the regenerating muscle at whole-muscle and individual myofiber levels was partially delayed by icing but facilitated by heat stress. In addition, the application of repeated heat stress promoted the recovery of soleus muscle mass toward the control level following injury. We conclude that compared with acute and immediate cold (icing) treatment, chronic and repeated heat stress may be a more appropriate treatment for the enhancement of both normalization of the MyHC profile and restoration of muscle mass following injury.    NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY Cold exposure (icing), but not heat exposure, has been well accepted as a first-aid treatment for accidental and/or sports-related injuries. However, recent evidence suggests the negative impact of icing treatment on skeletal muscle regeneration following injury. Here, we demonstrated that acute/immediate icing treatment delayed the restoration of the myosin heavy chain (MyHC) profile, but intermittent hyperthermia, repeated for several days, facilitated the recovery of both muscle mass and the MyHC profile in the regeneration of skeletal muscle following injury.

journal of applied physiology

Impact of different temperature stimuli on the expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms during recovery from bupivacaine-induced muscle injury in rats