Interaction between nitric oxide and superoxide in the macula densa in aldosterone-induced alterations of tubuloglomerular feedback

Tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF)-mediated constriction of the afferent arteriole is modulated by a balance between release of superoxide (O(2)(-)) and nitric oxide (NO) in macula densa (MD) cells. Aldosterone activates mineralocorticoid receptors that are expressed in the MD and induces both NO and O(2)(-) generation. We hypothesize that aldosterone enhances O(2)(-) production in the MD mediated by protein kinase C (PKC), which buffers the effect of NO in control of TGF response. Studies were performed in microdissected and perfused MD and in a MD cell line, MMDD1 cells. Aldosterone significantly enhanced O(2)(-) generation both in perfused MD and in MMDD1 cells. When aldosterone (10(-7) mol/l) was added in the tubular perfusate, TGF response was reduced from 2.4 ± 0.3 μm to 1.4 ± 0.2 μm in isolated perfused MD. In the presence of tempol, a O(2)(-) scavenger, TGF response was 1.5 ± 0.2 μm. In the presence of both tempol and aldosterone in the tubular perfusate, TGF response was further reduced to 0.4 ± 0.2 μm. To determine if PKC is involved in aldosterone-induced O(2)(-) production, we exposed the O(2)(-) cells to a nonselective PKC inhibitor chelerythrine chloride, a specific PKCα inhibitor Go6976, or a PKCα siRNA, and the aldosterone-induced increase in O(2)(-) production was blocked. These data indicate that aldosterone-stimulated O(2)(-) production in the MD buffers the effect of NO in control of TGF response, an effect that was mediated by PKCα.