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Water adsorption, splitting, and proton liberation were investigated on Sm 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 2-δ  thin films by scanning probe microscopy. An irreversible volume expansion was observed by applying a positive bias with increased temperature. The volume expansion is also linearly dependent on the relative humidity. A reversible water adsorption process and its effect on the conductivity were also investigated by electrochemical strain microscopy and first order reversal curve under a number of experiment conditions. The presence of a Ce 3+  along with OH groups, detected by hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy established a clear correlation between the water incorporation and the valence state of Ce.

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Effect of Water Adsorption on Conductivity in Epitaxial Sm0.1Ce0.9O2 -δ Thin Film for Micro Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Applications