Open AccessMR Imaging of Liver Fibrosis: Current State of the Art
Author(s) -
Silvana C. Faria,
Karthik Ganesan,
Irene Mwangi,
Masoud Shiehmorteza,
Bárbara Viamonte,
Sameer M. Mazhar,
Michael R. Peterson,
Yuko Kono,
Cynthia Santillan,
Giovanna Casola,
Claude B. Sirlin
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
radiographics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.866
H-Index - 172
eISSN - 1527-1323
pISSN - 0271-5333
DOI - 10.1148/rg.296095512
Subject(s) - medicine , cirrhosis , magnetic resonance imaging , radiology , chronic liver disease , elastography , liver biopsy , fibrosis , transient elastography , hepatic fibrosis , liver disease , hepatocellular carcinoma , portal hypertension , grading (engineering) , pathology , biopsy , ultrasound , engineering , civil engineering
Chronic liver disease is a major public health problem worldwide. Liver fibrosis, a common feature of almost all causes of chronic liver disease, involves the accumulation of collagen, proteoglycans, and other macromolecules within the extracellular matrix. Fibrosis tends to progress, leading to hepatic dysfunction, portal hypertension, and ultimately cirrhosis. Liver biopsy, the standard of reference for diagnosing liver fibrosis, is invasive, costly, and subject to complications and sampling variability. These limitations make it unsuitable for diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring in the general population. Thus, development of a noninvasive, accurate, and reproducible test for diagnosis and monitoring of liver fibrosis would be of great value. Conventional cross-sectional imaging techniques have limited capability to demonstrate liver fibrosis. In clinical practice, imaging studies are usually reserved for evaluation of the presence of portal hypertension or hepatocellular carcinoma in cases that have progressed to cirrhosis. In response to the rising prevalence of chronic liver diseases in Western nations, a number of imaging-based methods including ultrasonography-based transient elastography, computed tomography-based texture analysis, and diverse magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-based techniques have been proposed for noninvasive diagnosis and grading of hepatic fibrosis across its entire spectrum of severity. State-of-the-art MR imaging-based techniques in current practice and in development for noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis include conventional contrast material-enhanced MR imaging, double contrast-enhanced MR imaging, MR elastography, diffusion-weighted imaging, and MR perfusion imaging.