Today’s Polarized Solid Targets in Borghini’s Footsteps

The development, in the early 1960’s, of the dynamic nuclear polarization process in solid diamagnetic materials, doped with paramagnetic radicals. led to the use of solid polarized targets in numerous nuclear and particle physics experiments. In 1965 Michel Borghini moved from Saclay to CERN, where under his leadership of the polarized target group (until 1978) decisive developments have been made. Target material research and the early frozen spin targets were certainly the basis for the successful story of present day polarized solid targets.