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Predicting the three-dimensional structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence requires a complete understanding of the molecular forces that influences the protein folding process. Each possible conformation has its corresponding potential energy, which characterizes its thermodynamic stability. This is needed to identify the primary intra- and intermolecular interactions, so that we can reduce the dimensionality of the problem, and create a relatively simple representation of the system. Investigating this problem using quantum chemical methods, albeit produces accurate results, this also entails large computational resources needed. In this study, an improved two-rotor potential energy function is proposed to represent the backbone interactions in amino acids, through a linear combination of a Fourier series and a mixture of Gaussian functions. This function is applied to approximate the 20 amino acid diamide Ramachandran-type PESs, and results yielded an average RMSE of 2.36 kJ·mol -1 ,...

An improved two-rotor function for conformational potential energy surfaces of 20 amino acid diamides