Deterministic APSP, Orthogonal Vectors, and More: Quickly Derandomizing Razborov-Smolensky

We show how to solve all-pairs shortest paths on n nodes in deterministic n3/2Ω([EQUATION]) time, and how to count the pairs of orthogonal vectors among n 0-1 vectors in d = clogn dimensions in deterministic n2−1/O(logc) time. These running times essentially match the best known randomized algorithms of (Williams, STOC'14) and (Abboud, Williams, and Yu, SODA 2015) respectively, and the ability to count was open even for randomized algorithms. By reductions, these two results yield faster deterministic algorithms for many other problems. Our techniques can also be used to deterministically count k-SAT assignments on n variable formulas in 2n--n/O(k) time, roughly matching the best known running times for detecting satisfiability and resolving an open problem of Santhanam (2013). A key to our constructions is an efficient way to deterministically simulate certain probabilistic polynomials critical to the algorithms of prior work, carefully applying small-biased sets and modulus-amplifying polynomials.