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Thymus-derived regulatory T (tTreg) cells are key to preventing autoimmune diseases, but the mechanisms involved in their development remain unsolved. Here, we show that the C-type lectin receptor CD69 controls tTreg cell development and peripheral Treg cell homeostasis through the regulation of BIC/microRNA 155 (miR-155) and its target, suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS-1). Using Foxp3-mRFP/ cd69   +/ - or Foxp3-mRFP/ cd69  -/- reporter mice and short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated silencing and miR-155 transfection approaches, we found that CD69 deficiency impaired the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) pathway in Foxp3 + cells. This results in BIC/miR-155 inhibition, increased SOCS-1 expression, and severely impaired tTreg cell development in embryos, adults, and Rag2 -/- γc -/- hematopoietic chimeras reconstituted with cd69  -/- stem cells. Accordingly, mirn155  - / - mice have an impaired development of CD69 + tTreg cells and overexpression of the miR-155-induced CD69 pathway, suggesting that both molecules might be concomitantly activated in a positive-feedback loop. Moreover, in vitro -inducible CD25 + Treg (iTreg) cell development is inhibited in Il2r γ - / - / cd69  - / - mice. Our data highlight the contribution of CD69 as a nonredundant key regulator of BIC/miR-155-dependent Treg cell development and homeostasis.

Thymus-Derived Regulatory T Cell Development Is Regulated by C-Type Lectin-Mediated BIC/MicroRNA 155 Expression