Open AccessThe Ability of Chloroquine To Prevent Tat-Induced Cytokine Secretion by Monocytes Is Implicated in Its In Vivo Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Activity
Author(s) -
Fabienne Rayne,
Agnès Vendeville,
Anne Bonhoure,
Bruno Beaumelle
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
journal of virology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.617
H-Index - 292
eISSN - 1070-6321
pISSN - 0022-538X
DOI - 10.1128/jvi.78.21.12054-12057.2004
Subject(s) - biology , secretion , in vivo , virology , chloroquine , cytokine , virus , immunology , monocyte , malaria , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology
Hydroxychloroquine at 1 microM reduces the load of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in patients, whereas chloroquine (CQ) concentrations above 3 microM are required for inhibition of HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Exogenous HIV-1 Tat reaches the cytosol of T cells by using low endosomal pH, and endosome neutralization by CQ prevents Tat from entering and affecting T cells. We show here that 0.6 microM CQ inhibits cytokine secretion induced by Tat in monocytes without affecting lipopolysaccharide-triggered cytokine release. This finding suggests that the in vivo anti-HIV-1 effect of CQ results not from a direct effect on the infected cell but rather from the capacity of CQ to prevent Tat from perturbing the cytokine balance.