Open AccessWidespread Occurrence of Diverse Human Pathogenic Types of the Fungus Fusarium Detected in Plumbing Drains
Author(s) -
Dylan P. G. Short,
Kerry O’Donnell,
Ning Zhang,
Jean H. Juba,
David M. Geiser
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of clinical microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.349
H-Index - 255
eISSN - 1070-633X
pISSN - 0095-1137
DOI - 10.1128/jcm.05468-11
Subject(s) - multilocus sequence typing , fusarium , biology , phylogenetic tree , fungus , mycology , microbiology and biotechnology , typing , sequence analysis , veterinary medicine , genotype , genetics , botany , gene , medicine
It has been proposed that plumbing systems might serve as a significant environmental reservoir of human-pathogenic isolates ofFusarium . We tested this hypothesis by performing the first extensive multilocus sequence typing (MLST) survey of plumbing drain-associatedFusarium isolates and comparing the diversity observed to the known diversity of clinicalFusarium isolates. We sampled 471 drains, mostly in bathroom sinks, from 131 buildings in the United States using a swabbing method. We found that 66% of sinks and 80% of buildings surveyed yielded at least oneFusarium culture. A total of 297 isolates ofFusarium collected were subjected to MLST to identify the phylogenetic species and sequence types (STs) of these isolates. Our survey revealed that the six most common STs in sinks were identical to the six most frequently associated with human infections. We speculate that the most prevalent STs, by virtue of their ability to form and grow in biofilms, are well adapted to plumbing systems. Six majorFusarium STs were frequently isolated from plumbing drains within a broad geographic area and were identical to STs frequently associated with human infections.