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FtsH proteins have dual chaperone-protease activities and are involved in protein quality control under stress conditions. Although the functional role of FtsH proteins has been clearly established, the regulatory mechanisms controlling ftsH expression in gram-positive bacteria remain largely unknown. Here we show that ftsH of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 is transiently induced at the transcriptional level upon a temperature upshift. In addition, disruption of ftsH negatively affected the growth of L. plantarum at high temperatures. Sequence analysis and mapping of the ftsH transcriptional start site revealed a potential operator sequence for the CtsR repressor, partially overlapping the -35 sequence of the ftsH promoter. In order to verify whether CtsR is able to recognize and bind the ftsH promoter, CtsR proteins of Bacillus subtilis and L. plantarum were overproduced, purified, and used in DNA binding assays. CtsR from both species bound specifically to the ftsH promoter, generating a single protein-DNA complex, suggesting that CtsR may control the expression of L. plantarum ftsH. In order to confirm this hypothesis, a DeltactsR mutant strain of L. plantarum was generated. Expression of ftsH in the DeltactsR mutant strain was strongly upregulated, indicating that ftsH of L. plantarum is negatively controlled by CtsR. This is the first example of an ftsH gene controlled by the CtsR repressor, and the first of the low-G+C gram-positive bacteria where the regulatory mechanism has been identified.

The Lactobacillus plantarum ftsH Gene Is a Novel Member of the CtsR Stress Response Regulon