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Bacillus subtilis has been studied as a model organism for biofilm formation. In this study, I explored why thecysL deletion mutant was defective in biofilm formation. I demonstrated that the ΔcysL mutation activated the disulfide stress response regulator Spx, which inhibits biofilm formation by repressing biofilm matrix genes. Homologs of Spx are highly conserved among Gram-positive bacteria with low G+C contents. In some pathogens, Spx is also reported to inhibit biofilm formation by repressing biofilm matrix genes, even though these genes and their regulation are quite different from those ofB. subtilis . Thus, the negative regulation of biofilm formation by Spx is likely to be well conserved across species and may be an appropriate target for control of biofilm formation.

Inactivation of cysL Inhibits Biofilm Formation by Activating the Disulfide Stress Regulator Spx in Bacillus subtilis