Open AccessVaccination of Cattle with a CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide-Formulated Mycobacterial Protein Vaccine andMycobacterium bovisBCG Induces Levels of Protection against Bovine Tuberculosis Superior to Those Induced by Vaccination with BCG Alone
Author(s) -
D. Neil Wedlock,
Denis Michel,
Margot Skinner,
Jessica Koach,
Geoffrey W. de Lisle,
H. Martin Vordermeier,
R. Glyn Hewinson,
Sylvia van Drunen Littelvan den Hurk,
Lorne A. Babiuk,
Rolf Hecker,
Bryce M. Buddle
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
infection and immunity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.508
H-Index - 220
eISSN - 1070-6313
pISSN - 0019-9567
DOI - 10.1128/iai.73.6.3540-3546.2005
Subject(s) - vaccination , mycobacterium bovis , bcg vaccine , tuberculosis , mycobacterium tuberculosis , antigen , immunization , tuberculosis vaccines , virology , immunology , adjuvant , medicine , interferon gamma , biology , immune system , pathology
The development of a subunit protein vaccine for bovine tuberculosis which could be used either in combination with Mycobacterium bovis BCG (to improve the efficacy of that vaccine) or alone would offer significant advantages over currently available strategies. A study was conducted with cattle to determine the protective efficacy of a strategy based on concurrent immunization with an M. bovis culture filtrate (CFP) vaccine and BCG compared to vaccination with either vaccine alone. One group of calves (10 animals per group) was vaccinated subcutaneously with CFP formulated with Emulsigen and combined with a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN). A second group was vaccinated with both the CFP vaccine and BCG injected at adjacent sites (CFP-BCG). One further group was vaccinated subcutaneously with BCG, while another group served as nonvaccinated control animals. Vaccination with CFP-BCG induced levels of antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in whole-blood cultures that were higher than those induced by vaccination with BCG alone. The combination of CFP and BCG did not enhance the production of antibodies to M. bovis CFP compared to vaccination with CFP alone. Vaccination with CFP alone led to delayed antigen-specific IFN-gamma and IL-2 responses. Vaccination with CFP-BCG induced a high level of protection against an intratracheal challenge with virulent M. bovis, based on a significant enhancement of six pathological and microbiological parameters of protection compared with the nonvaccinated group. In contrast, vaccination with BCG alone induced a significant enhancement of protection in only one parameter, while CFP alone induced no protection. These results suggest that a combination of a CpG ODN-formulated protein vaccine and BCG offers better protection against bovine tuberculosis than does BCG alone.