Distribution of viruses associated with particles in waste water

The distribution of solids-associated viruses in wastewater was studied to determine the effect of treatment processes on viruses associated with solids. Solids less than 0.3 micrometers in diameter were separated from the liquid phase of each sample by using a continuous-flow centrifuge. The percentage of virus associated with solids larger than 0.3 micrometers decreased from 28% in the influent to 3.4% in unchlorinated effluent, and this was accompanied by a 92% decrease in the total concentration of virus. These results indicate that the original solids-associated virus as well as that is secondarily adsorbed to mixed liquor-suspended solids is lost during clarification. The total concentration of virus was reduced by 82% by chlorination, and the percentage of virus associated with solids increased to 7.7% upon chlorination, indicating some protection due to association with particles larger than 0.3 micrometers. When a suspension of fecal particles and a 0.22-micrometers filtrate of a fecal homogenate were sonicated, a threefold increase in virus titer was observed in each. This demonstrated that viruses may be attached to particles smaller than 0.22 micrometers. Thus, small viral aggregates or viruses attached to submicron particles represented the major portion of solids-associated virus in treated sewage.