Open AccessBiosynthesis of a Complex Yersiniabactin-Like Natural Product via the mic Locus in Phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum
Author(s) -
M. Kreutzer,
Hirokazu Kage,
Peter Gebhardt,
Barbara Wackler,
Hans Peter Saluz,
Dirk Hoffmeister,
Markus Nett
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
applied and environmental microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.552
H-Index - 324
eISSN - 1070-6291
pISSN - 0099-2240
DOI - 10.1128/aem.05198-11
Subject(s) - ralstonia solanacearum , nonribosomal peptide , gene cluster , siderophore , biology , locus (genetics) , gene , genetics , microbiology and biotechnology , biosynthesis , bacteria
A genome mining study in the plant pathogenic bacteriumRalstonia solanacearum GMI1000 unveiled a polyketide synthase/nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene cluster putatively involved in siderophore biosynthesis. Insertional mutagenesis confirmed the respective locus to be operational under iron-deficient conditions and spurred the isolation of the associated natural product. Bioinformatic analyses of the gene cluster facilitated the structural characterization of this compound, which was subsequently identified as the antimycoplasma agent micacocidin. The metal-chelating properties of micacocidin were evaluated in competition experiments, and the cellular uptake of gallium-micacocidin complexes was demonstrated inR. solanacearum GMI1000, indicating a possible siderophore role. Comparative genomics revealed a conservation of the micacocidin gene cluster in defined, but globally dispersed phylotypes ofR. solanacearum .