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Despite numerous approaches for the development ofl -threonine-producing strains, strain development is still hampered by the intrinsic inefficiency of metabolic reactions caused by simple diffusion and random collisions of enzymes and metabolites. A scaffold system, which can promote the proximity of metabolic enzymes and increase the local concentration of intermediates, was reported to be one of the most promising solutions. Here, we report an improvement inl -threonine production inEscherichia coli using a DNA scaffold system, in which a zinc finger protein serves as an adapter for the site-specific binding of each enzyme involved inl -threonine production to a precisely ordered location on a DNA double helix to increase the proximity of enzymes and the local concentration of metabolites to maximize production. The optimized DNA scaffold system forl -threonine production significantly increased the efficiency of the threonine biosynthetic pathway inE. coli , substantially reducing the production time forl -threonine (by over 50%). In addition, this DNA scaffold system enhanced the growth rate of the host strain by reducing the intracellular concentration of toxic intermediates, such as homoserine. Our DNA scaffold system can be used as a platform technology for the construction and optimization of artificial metabolic pathways as well as for the production of many useful biomaterials.

Improved Production of l -Threonine in Escherichia coli by Use of a DNA Scaffold System