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Trichothecenes are sesquiterpenoid toxins produced byFusarium species. Since these mycotoxins are very stable, there is interest in microbial transformations that can remove toxins from contaminated grain or cereal products. Twenty-three yeast species assigned to theTrichomonascus clade (Saccharomycotina, Ascomycota), including fourTrichomonascus species and 19 anamorphic species presently classified inBlastobotrys , were tested for their ability to convert the trichothecene T-2 toxin to less-toxic products. These species gave three types of biotransformations: acetylation to 3-acetyl T-2 toxin, glycosylation to T-2 toxin 3-glucoside, and removal of the isovaleryl group to form neosolaniol. Some species gave more than one type of biotransformation. ThreeBlastobotrys species converted T-2 toxin into T-2 toxin 3-glucoside, a compound that has been identified as a masked mycotoxin inFusarium -infected grain. This is the first report of a microbial whole-cell method for producing trichothecene glycosides, and the potential large-scale availability of T-2 toxin 3-glucoside will facilitate toxicity testing and development of methods for detection of this compound in agricultural and other products.

Glucosylation and Other Biotransformations of T-2 Toxin by Yeasts of the Trichomonascus Clade