EpABC Genes in the Adaptive Responses of Exophiala pisciphila to Metal Stress: Functional Importance and Relation to Metal Tolerance

Many ABC transporters and their functions have been identified in animals and plants. However, little is known about ABC genes in filamentous fungi, especially DSEs, which tend to dominantly colonize the roots of plants growing in stressed environments. Our results deepen the understanding of the function of the ABC genes of a super-metal-tolerant DSE (E. pisciphila ) in enhancing its heavy metal resistance and detoxification. Furthermore, the genetic resources of DSEs, e.g., numerousEpABC genes, especially from super-metal-tolerant strains in heavy metal-polluted environments, can be directly used for transgenic applications to improve tolerance and phytoextraction potential.