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Iron is essential to almost all organisms, but in the presence of oxygen, iron is both poorly available and potentially toxic.Streptomyces species are predominantly present in soil where the environment is complex and fluctuating. So far, the mechanism of iron homeostasis inStreptomyces spp. remains to be elucidated. Here, we characterized the regulatory role of IdeR in the avermectin-producing organismS. avermitilis . IdeR maintains intracellular iron levels by regulating genes involved in iron absorption and storage. IdeR also directly regulates morphological differentiation, secondary metabolism, and central metabolism.ideR is under the positive control of OxyR and is indispensable for an efficient response to oxidative stress. This investigation uncovered that IdeR acts as a global regulator coordinating iron homeostasis, morphological differentiation, secondary metabolism, and oxidative stress response inStreptomyces species. Elucidation of the pleiotropic regulation function of IdeR provides new insights into the mechanisms of howStreptomyces spp. adapt to the complex environment.

applied and environmental microbiology

IdeR, a DtxR Family Iron Response Regulator, Controls Iron Homeostasis, Morphological Differentiation, Secondary Metabolism, and the Oxidative Stress Response in Streptomyces avermitilis