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The olive knot disease ( Olea europea L.) is caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi. P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi in the olive knot undergoes interspecies interactions with the harmless endophyte Erwinia toletana ; P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi and E. toletana colocalize and form a stable community, resulting in a more aggressive disease. P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi and E  toletana produce the same type of the N -acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) quorum sensing (QS) signal, and they share AHLs in planta In this work, we have further studied the AHL QS systems of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi and E  toletana in order to determine possible molecular mechanism(s) involved in this bacterial interspecies interaction/cooperation. The AHL QS regulons of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi and E  toletana were determined, allowing the identification of several QS-regulated genes. Surprisingly, the P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi QS regulon consisted of only a few loci whereas in E  toletana many putative metabolic genes were regulated by QS, among which are several involved in carbohydrate metabolism. One of these loci was the aldolase-encoding gene garL , which was found to be essential for both colocalization of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi and E  toletana cells inside olive knots as well as knot development. This study further highlighted that pathogens can cooperate with commensal members of the plant microbiome. IMPORTANCE This is a report on studies of the quorum sensing (QS) systems of the olive knot pathogen Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi and olive knot cooperator Erwinia toletana These two bacterial species form a stable community in the olive knot, share QS signals, and cooperate, resulting in a more aggressive disease. In this work we further studied the QS systems by determining their regulons as well as by studying QS-regulated genes which might play a role in this cooperation. This represents a unique in vivo interspecies bacterial virulence model and highlights the importance of bacterial interspecies interaction in disease.

Quorum Sensing in Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi and Erwinia toletana: Role in Virulence and Interspecies Interactions in the Olive Knot