Drug Resistance and Distribution of R Factors in Salmonella Strains

Drug resistance and the distribution of R factors in Salmonella strains were surveyed using 1,980 strains isolated in Japan from 1955 to 1973. Resistances were mostly restricted to sulfanilamide (SA), tetracycline (TC), and streptomycin (SM), and combinations thereof. The demonstrated frequency of strains resistant to chloramphenicol (CM) was very low as compared with that in Escherichia coli and Shigella strains. In relation to resistance to TC, CM, SM and SA, the frequency of isolation of single resistance was the highest, followed by triple, double, and quadruple resistance in that order. Low frequency of isolation of quadruple resistance was due to the low frequency of CM resistance in Salmonella strains and differed from the E. coli or Shigella group. R factors with single TC resistance was most common, followed by those with TC,SM,SA; SM,SA; TC,CM,SM,SA; and single (SM and SA) resistance, in that order. Kanamycin and ampicillin resistance was unusual and mostly transmissible.