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Tulathromycin represents the first member of a novel subclass of macrolides, known as triamilides, approved to treat bovine and swine respiratory disease. The objectives of the present study were to assess the concentration-versus-time profile of tulathromycin in the plasma and lung tissue of healthy and neutropenic mice challenged intranasally with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli O111:B4. BALB/c mice were randomly allocated into four groups of 40 mice each: groups T-28 (tulathromycin at 28 mg/kg of body weight), T-7, T7-LPS, and T7-LPS-CP (cyclophosphamide). Mice in group T-28 were treated with tulathromycin at 28 mg/kg subcutaneously (s.c.) (time 0 h). The rest of the mice were treated with tulathromycin at 7 mg/kg s.c. (time 0 h). Animals in dose groups T-7-LPS and T7-LPS-CP received a single dose of E. coli LPS intranasally at -7 h. Mice in group T7-LPS-CP were also rendered neutropenic with cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg intraperitoneally) prior to the administration of tulathromycin. Blood and lung tissue samples were obtained from 5 mice from each dose group at each sampling time over 144 h after the administration of tulathromycin. There were not statistical differences in lung tissue concentrations among groups T-7, T-7-LPS, and T7-LPS-CP. For all dose groups, the distribution of tulathromycin in the lungs was rapid and persisted at relatively high levels during 6 days postadministration. The concentration-versus-time profile of tulathromycin in lung tissue was not influenced by the intranasal administration of E. coli LPS. The results suggest that in mice, neutrophils may not have a positive influence on tulathromycin accumulation in lung tissue when the drug is administered during either a neutrophilic or a neutropenic state.

Pharmacokinetics of Tulathromycin in Healthy and Neutropenic Mice Challenged Intranasally with Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli