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A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome
Author(s) -
Richard E. Green,
Johannes Krause,
Adrian W. Briggs,
Tomislav Maričić,
Udo Stenzel,
Martin Kircher,
Nick Patterson,
Heng Li,
Weiwei Zhai,
Markus Hsi-Yang Fritz,
Nancy F. Hansen,
Éric Durand,
AnnaSapfo Malaspinas,
Jeffrey D. Jensen,
Tomás MarquèsBonet,
Can Alkan,
Kay Prüfer,
Matthias Meyer,
Hernán A. Burbano,
Jeffrey M. Good,
Rigo Schultz,
Ayinuer AximuPetri,
Anne Butthof,
Barbara Höber,
Barbara Höffner,
Madlen Siegemund,
Antje Weihmann,
Chad Nusbaum,
Eric S. Lander,
Carsten Russ,
Nathaniel Novod,
Jason P. Affourtit,
Michael D. Miller,
Christine Verna,
Pavao Rudan,
Dejana Brajković,
Željko Kućan,
Ivan Gušić,
Vladimir B. Doronichev,
Liubov V. Golovanova,
Carles LaluezaFox,
Marco de la Rasilla Vives,
Javier Fortea,
Antonio Rosas,
Ralf W. Schmitz,
Philip L. Johnson,
Evan E. Eichler,
Daniel Falush,
Ewan Birney,
James C. Mullikin,
Montgomery Slatkin,
Rasmus Nielsen,
Janet Kelso,
Michael Lachmann,
David Reich,
Svante Pääbo
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 12.556
H-Index - 1186
eISSN - 1095-9203
pISSN - 0036-8075
DOI - 10.1126/science.1188021
Subject(s) - genome , biology , evolutionary biology , hominidae , neanderthal , gene , genetics , biological evolution , geography , archaeology
Neandertals, the closest evolutionary relatives of present-day humans, lived in large parts of Europe and western Asia before disappearing 30,000 years ago. We present a draft sequence of the Neandertal genome composed of more than 4 billion nucleotides from three individuals. Comparisons of the Neandertal genome to the genomes of five present-day humans from different parts of the world identify a number of genomic regions that may have been affected by positive selection in ancestral modern humans, including genes involved in metabolism and in cognitive and skeletal development. We show that Neandertals shared more genetic variants with present-day humans in Eurasia than with present-day humans in sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting that gene flow from Neandertals into the ancestors of non-Africans occurred before the divergence of Eurasian groups from each other.

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