Angular dependence of ultrasonic wave propagation in a stressed, orthorhombic continuum: Theory and application to the measurement of stress and texture

A theory for ultrasonic wave propagation in a symmetry plane of a biaxially stressed, orthorhombic continuum is presented. Since many of the material parameters which appear in the analysis are unknown, in particular the third‐order elastic constants of polycrystalline metals, emphasis is placed on the angular dependence of the velocities. An expansion to first order in stress‐induced anisotropy and to second order in textural anisotropy reveals terms with twofold, fourfold, and sixfold symmetry. Scenarios are proposed for using various properties of this symmetry to deduce the difference in magnitude and directions of the principal stresses independent of textural anisotropy and the textural anisotropy independent of the stresses. Experimental results are presented for the cases of aluminum, 304 stainless steel, and copper.