Effects of tone on the three-way laryngeal distinction in Korean: An acoustic and aerodynamic comparison of the Seoul and South Kyungsang dialects.

The three‐way laryngeal distinction among voiceless Korean stops has been well documented for the Seoul dialect. The present study compares the acoustic and aerodynamic properties of this stop series between two dialects, non‐tonal Seoul and tonal South Kyungsang Korean. Sixteen male Korean speakers (eight from Seoul and eight from Kyungsang) participated. Measures collected included VOT, f0 at vowel onset and midpoint, H1‐H2, and air pressure and airflow. The presence versus absence of tone affects both the acoustic and aerodynamic properties. First, Seoul speakers primarily use f0 to distinguish the three laryngeal gestures of Korean stops, while Kyungsang speakers mainly use VOT. Second, the high versus low tonal contrast for Kyungsang speakers makes f0 an unreliable acoustic cue for the three Korean stops. Third, dialectal differences in VOT to mark the three‐way distinction support the notion of a diachronic transition whereby VOT differences between the lenis and aspirated stops in Seoul Korean have...