Excitation of polymer-shelled contrast agents with high-frequency ultrasound
Author(s) -
Jeffrey A. Ketterling,
Jonathan Mamou,
John S. Allen,
Orlando Aristizábal,
Rene G. Williamson,
Daniel H. Turnbull
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
the journal of the acoustical society of america
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.619
H-Index - 187
eISSN - 1520-8524
pISSN - 0001-4966
DOI - 10.1121/1.2401270
Subject(s) - contrast (vision) , excitation , high frequency ultrasound , ultrasound , acoustics , materials science , high contrast , optics , physics , quantum mechanics
Few experimental and complementary theoretical studies have investigated high-frequency (>20 MHz) nonlinear responses from polymer-shelled ultrasound contrast agents. Three polymer agents with different shell properties were examined for their single-bubble backscatter when excited with a 40 MHz tone burst. Higher-order harmonic responses were observed for the three agents; however, their occurrence was at least partly due to nonlinear propagation. Only one of the agents (1.1 microm mean diameter) showed a subharmonic response for longer excitations (approximately 10-15 cycles) and midlevel pressure excitations ( 2.5 MPa). Theoretical calculations of the backscattered spectrum revealed behavior similar to the experimental results in specific parameter regimes.
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