<title>Unifying approach and interface for spline-based snakes</title>

In this paper, we present different solutions for improving spline-based snakes. First, we demonstrate their minimum curvature interpolation property, and use it as an argument to get rid of the explicit smoothness constraint. We also propose a new external energy obtained by integrating a non-linearly pre-processed image in the closed region bounded by the curve. We show that this energy, besides being efficiently computable, is sufficiently general to include the widely used gradient-based schemes, Bayesian schemes, their combinations and discriminant-based approaches. We also introduce two initialization modes and the appropriate constraint energies. We use these ideas to develop a general snake algorithm to track boundaries of closed objects, with a user-friendly interface.