Fluid–Structure Interaction Simulation of Vortex-Induced Vibration of a Flexible Hydrofoil

Fluid–structure interaction (FSI) is investigated in this study for vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a flexible, backward skewed hydrofoil. An in-house finite element structural solver finite element analysis nonlinear (FEANL) is tightly coupled with the open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) library openfoam to simulate the interaction of a flexible hydrofoil with vortical flow structures shed from a large upstream rigid cylinder. To simulate the turbulent flow at a moderate computational cost, hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes–large eddy simulation (RANS–LES) is used. Simulations are first performed to investigate key modeling aspects that include the influence of CFD mesh resolution and topology (structured versus unstructured mesh), time-step size, and turbulence model (delayed-detached-eddy-simulation and k−ω shear stress transport-scale adaptive simulation). Final FSI simulations are then performed and compared against experimental data acquired from the Penn State-ARL 12 in water tunnel at two flow conditions, 2.5 m/s and 3.0 m/s, corresponding to Reynolds numbers of 153,000 and 184,000 (based on the cylinder diameter), respectively. Comparisons of the hydrofoil tip-deflections, reaction forces, and velocity fields (contours and profiles) show reasonable agreement between the tightly coupled FSI simulations and experiments. The primary motivation of this study is to assess the capability of a tightly coupled FSI approach to model such a problem and to provide modeling guidance for future FSI simulations of rotating propellers in crashback (reverse propeller operation).