Animals Spinning their Wheels

This article reviews the role of nature in the development of wheels. The natural emergence of the wheel design can be predicted by using the constructal law in two ways. First, consider the evolution of the wheels made by humans. Second, imagine the horizontal movement of a terrestrial animal as a rolling body. Nature evolved not only the design of wheel-like movement, but also the design for changing speeds. The designs developed by humans are latecomers to this long evolutionary sequence. They come from the same natural tendency to move on Earth more easily, to go with the flow. The evolutionary designs of nature have arrived at wheel-like locomotion and at changes in body movement that result in changing speeds.