Open AccessA molecular and morphological reassessment of the phylogeny of the subfamily O phioninae ( H ymenoptera: I chneumonidae)
Author(s) -
Rousse Pascal,
Quicke Donald L. J.,
Matthee Conrad A.,
Lefeuvre Pierre,
Noort Simon
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
zoological journal of the linnean society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.148
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1096-3642
pISSN - 0024-4082
DOI - 10.1111/zoj.12405
Subject(s) - biology , polyphyly , subfamily , ichneumonidae , molecular phylogenetics , phylogenetics , zoology , genus , evolutionary biology , tribe , hymenoptera , clade , genetics , parasitoid , gene , sociology , anthropology
The phylogeny of the subfamily O phioninae ( H ymenoptera: I chneumonidae) is investigated using molecular markers and morphological characters. We analysed the mitochondrial DNA CO 1 and the nuclear 28 S D 2– D 3 gene fragments for 74 species of O phioninae from 25 out of the 32 recognized genera, which collectively represent 98% of described species diversity of the subfamily. Molecular markers were analysed separately and combined, with or without the adjunction of a matrix of 62 morphological characters using Bayesian inference. Our results reveal three distinct lineages, each including one of most speciose genera: O phion , E nicospilus and T hyreodon . The comparison of the molecular data, and combined molecular plus morphological data led to the definition of the three tribes: O phionini stat. rev. ( O phion + A lophophion + R hopalophion + X ylophion + A frophion ); E nicospilini stat. rev. ( E nicospilus + L aticoleus + D icamptus + H ellwigiella ); and T hyreodonini tribe nov. ( T hyreodon + D ictyonotus + R hynchophion ). The possible association of other genera to one or another of these lineages is discussed. O phion is a polyphyletic assemblage and requires a further revision to define the delimitation with close genera. The enigmatic O ld World genus S kiapus is strongly supported as belonging to the O phioninae, although its placement within the subfamily is ambiguous as a result of its derived genotype and phenotype. Finally, we propose a biogeographical scenario supported by this phylogeny and based on the limited available fossil data.