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Summary  Mustard yield per plant is severely restricted by the seed number per silique. The seed number per silique in the  Brassica juncea  trilocular mutant J163‐4 is significantly greater than that in normal bilocular plants. However, how the trilocular silique of J163‐4 is formed remains unclear. Here, we studied the gene structure and function of  mc2  in  B. juncea  and  Arabidopsis  using comparative morphology and molecular genetic experiments. We found that  mc2  is a  CLV1  ortholog,  BjA7.CLV1 . The deletion of  cis ‐regulatory region in  mc2  promoter, which affects  Mc2  expression in carpel margin meristem (CMM), led to trilocular silique formation. The  BjCLV1  sequence with its complete promoter containing the  cis ‐regulatory region can restore the  Bjclv1  and  clv1  mutant phenotypes in  B. juncea  and  Arabidopsis , respectively. Additionally, this  cis ‐regulatory region had a collinear segment in the promoter of  CLV1  homologous gene in most Brassicaceae species. Our results are consistent with the report that  BjCLV1  represents a conserved pleiotropic role in shoot meristem and CMM development, which contains a  cis ‐regulatory sequence specifically expressed  BjCLV1  in CMM in its promoter, and this  cis ‐regulatory region is conserved in Brassicaceae species. These results offer a reliable approach for fine‐tuning the traits of seed yield in Brassicaceae crops.

Increased seed number per silique in Brassica juncea by deleting cis ‐regulatory region affecting BjCLV1 expression in carpel margin meristem