Open AccessPathogens pulling the strings: Effectors manipulating salicylic acid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in plants
Author(s) -
Bauters Lander,
Stojilković Boris,
Gheysen Godelieve
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
molecular plant pathology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.945
H-Index - 103
eISSN - 1364-3703
pISSN - 1464-6722
DOI - 10.1111/mpp.13123
Subject(s) - plant immunity , salicylic acid , biology , phenylpropanoid , effector , abiotic component , secretion , host (biology) , plant defense against herbivory , biotic stress , plant hormone , immune system , immunity , abiotic stress , botany , biosynthesis , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , arabidopsis , genetics , ecology , gene , mutant
During evolution, plants have developed sophisticated ways to cope with different biotic and abiotic stresses. Phytohormones and secondary metabolites are known to play pivotal roles in defence responses against invading pathogens. One of the key hormones involved in plant immunity is salicylic acid (SA), of which the role in plant defence is well established and documented. Plants produce an array of secondary metabolites categorized in different classes, with the phenylpropanoids as major players in plant immunity. Both SA and phenylpropanoids are needed for an effective immune response by the plant. To successfully infect the host, pathogens secrete proteins, called effectors, into the plant tissue to lower defence. Secreted effectors can interfere with several metabolic or signalling pathways in the host to facilitate infection. In this review, we will focus on the different strategies pathogens have developed to affect the levels of SA and phenylpropanoids to increase plant susceptibility.