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Discovery, validation, and diagnostic ability of multiple protein‐based biomarkers in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid to distinguish between health and periodontal diseases
Author(s) -
Grant Melissa M.,
Taylor John J.,
Jaedicke Katrin,
Creese Andrew,
Gowland Catherine,
Burke Bernard,
Doudin Khawla,
Patel Upen,
Weston Paul,
Milward Michael,
Bissett Susan M.,
Cooper Helen J.,
Kooijman Gerben,
Rmaile Amir,
Jager Marko,
Preshaw Philip M.,
Chapple Iain L. C.
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
journal of clinical periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.456
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1600-051X
pISSN - 0303-6979
DOI - 10.1111/jcpe.13630
Subject(s) - gingivitis , biomarker , saliva , periodontitis , medicine , biomarker discovery , dentistry , proteomics , biology , biochemistry , gene
Aim To discover and validate differential protein biomarker expression in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) to discriminate objectively between periodontal health and plaque‐induced periodontal disease states. Materials and Methods One‐hundred and ninety participants were recruited from two centres (Birmingham and Newcastle upon Tyne, UK) comprising healthy, gingivitis, periodontitis, and edentulous donors. Samples from the Birmingham cohort were analysed by quantitative mass spectrometry proteomics for biomarker discovery. Shortlisted candidate proteins were then verified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in both cohorts. Leave‐one‐out cross validation logistic regression analysis was used to identify the best performing biomarker panels. Results Ninety‐five proteins were identified in both GCF and saliva samples, and 15 candidate proteins were selected based upon differences discovered between the donor groups. The best performing panels to distinguish between: health or gingivitis and periodontitis contained matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP9), S100A8, alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein (A1AGP), pyruvate kinase, and age (area under the curve [AUC] 0.970); health and gingivitis contained MMP9, S100A8, A1AGP, and pyruvate kinase, but not age (AUC 0.768); and mild to moderate and advanced periodontitis contained MMP9, S100A8, A1AGP, pyruvate kinase, and age (AUC 0.789). Conclusions Biomarker panels containing four proteins with and without age as a further parameter can distinguish between periodontal health and disease states.