Mutations of t‐complex testis expressed gene 5 transcripts in the testis of sterile t‐haplotype mutant mouse

Aim: To determine the possible roles of the t‐complex testis expressed gene 5 ( Tctex 5 ) on sperm functions, the full‐length sequence of mRNA was studied and compared in the testis between the normal wild‐type and the sterile t‐haplotype mutant mice. Methods: We applied rapid amplification of cDNA ends, Northern blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to analyze the full length of Tctex5 mRNAs isolated from testes of the wild‐type and the t‐haplotype mice. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to semi‐quantitatively compare expression of Tctex 5 transcripts in the 16 tissues and 9.5 day stage embryos in the wild‐type mice. E‐translation was applied to estimate the amino acid sequences. Results: One long and one short transcript of Tctex5 mRNA were discovered in mouse testis of wild‐type ( Tctex5 long ‐+ and Tctex5 short ‐+ ) and t‐haplotype ( Tctex5 long‐t and Tctex5 short‐t ) mice, respectively. Being enhanced only in the testis, Tctex5 long‐t had 17 point mutations and one 15‐bp‐deletion in the exon 1 region, comparing with the Tctex5 long ‐+ , whereas the Tctex5 short‐t was similar to the Tctex5 short ‐+ . The short isoforms of Tctex5 mRNAs in the two models encoded exactly the same peptides, but the long isoforms did not. The estimated peptide encoded by Tctex5 long‐t had significant mutations on putative sites of phosphorylation and PP1 binding. Conclusion: We established that mutations that occur in the Tctex5 long transcript of the t‐haplotype mice are important for normal sperm function, whereas the short transcript of Tctex5 might have a conserved function among different tissues.