Open AccessProtective effects of α‐tocopherol and β‐carotene on para ‐nonylphenol‐induced inhibition of cell growth, cellular respiration and glucose‐induced proton extrusion of bacteria
Author(s) -
Okai Yasuji,
HigashiOkai Kiyoka,
Machida Kiyotaka,
Nakamura Hideyoshi,
Nakayama Keiji,
Fijita Kenichi,
Tanaka Toshio,
Taniguchi Makoto
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
fems microbiology letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.899
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1574-6968
pISSN - 0378-1097
DOI - 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09154.x
Subject(s) - micrococcus luteus , ascorbic acid , growth inhibition , bacteria , biochemistry , bacterial growth , nonylphenol , chemistry , propyl gallate , antioxidant , cell growth , bacillus subtilis , staphylococcus aureus , biology , food science , genetics , environmental chemistry
para ‐Nonylphenol (NP) showed a dose‐dependent inhibition against the cell growth of Bacillus subtilis , Micrococcus luteus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus at 5–100 μM. However, other typical plastic‐derived endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A and di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) did not significantly affect the cell growth of these bacteria at 5–100 μM. The NP‐induced cell growth inhibition was restored when concomitantly supplemented with lipophilic antioxidants such as α‐tocopherol and β‐carotene, but not with hydrophilic antioxidants, ascorbic acid and (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). NP also suppressed in a dose‐dependent manner cellular oxygen consumption and glucose‐induced proton extrusion of these bacteria at 10–100 μM. Both effects were prevented when added with α‐tocopherol and β‐carotene, but not with ascorbic acid and EGCG. The significance of these results is discussed from the viewpoint of environmental microbiology and a possible biochemical mechanism of the inhibitory effect of NP is suggested.