Open AccessDifferent lipid A types in lipopolysaccharides of phototrophic and related non‐phototrophic bacteria *
Author(s) -
Weckesser Jürgen,
Mayer Hubert
Publication year - 1988
Publication title -
fems microbiology letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.899
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1574-6968
pISSN - 0378-1097
DOI - 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02740.x
Subject(s) - phototroph , rhodobacter , rhodobacter sphaeroides , rhodopseudomonas , rhodospirillaceae , lipid a , rhodospirillales , rhodopseudomonas palustris , biochemistry , bacteria , biology , thiobacillus , microbiology and biotechnology , chemistry , photosynthesis , genetics , mutant , gene
Lipid A analyses confirm not only the present taxa of the purple nonsulfur bacteria (formerly Rhodospirillaceae ), but also phylogenetical relatedness of distinct phototrophic to distinct non‐phototrophic bacteria, as was suggested by cataloguing 16S rRNA. For example, lipid A with esterbound 3‐OH‐10:0 and the rare amide‐linked 3‐oxo‐14:0 is common to the phototrophic Rhodobacter capsulatus and Rhodobacter sphaeroides and also to Paracoccus denitrificans and Thiobacillus versutus . ‘Lipid A DAG ’ (lipid A with 2,3‐diamino‐ d ‐glucose (DAG)) occurs in the phototrophic Rhodopseudomonas viridis and Rhodopseudomonas palustris and also in the related non‐phototrophic species, e.g., Nitrobacter winogradskyi, Pseudomonas diminuta , or Thiobacillus ferrooxidans . The phylogenetically more coherent purple sulfur bacteria ( Chromatiacease ) uniformly contain d ‐mannose in their phosphate‐free lipid A. Among the green bacteria, only the Chlorobiaceae but not the likewise chlorosome‐containing Chloroflexaceae contain lipopolysaccharide. Lipid A DAG from R. viridis is a structural analogue of a biosynthetic precursor (lipid X) of enterobacterial lipid A. Lipid A synthase from Salmonella accepts not only lipid X but also the synthetic di‐N‐acyl‐2,3‐diamino‐ d ‐glucose analogue as substrate (Raetz, C.R.H., unpublished results). More and more naturally occurring lipid A's with both, 2,3‐diaminoglucose and glucosamine (‘mixed’ lipid A, with 2,3‐diaminoglucose or glucosamine dominating) are being found. Newly recognized lipid A and lipid A DAG types might offer the possibility of differentially stimulating desired biological activities in animals without also having the undesired endotoxic activities. The non‐toxic lipid A from Rhodopseudomonas viridis for example is able to stimulate prostaglandin secretion in peritoneal macrophages and can be used as an antagonist to the endotoxic shock caused by Salmonella lipopolysaccharide.