Open AccessEarly administration of probiotic L actobacillus acidophilus and/or prebiotic inulin attenuates pathogen‐mediated intestinal inflammation and S mad 7 cell signaling
Author(s) -
Foye Ondulla T.,
Huang IFei,
Chiou Christine C.,
Walker W. Allan,
Shi Hai Ning
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
fems immunology & medical microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1574-695X
pISSN - 0928-8244
DOI - 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2012.00978.x
Subject(s) - prebiotic , inulin , lactobacillus acidophilus , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , smad , probiotic , tumor necrosis factor alpha , inflammation , lactobacillus , immunology , transforming growth factor , endocrinology , biochemistry , bacteria , genetics , fermentation
Immaturity of gut‐associated immunity may contribute to pediatric mortality associated with enteric infections. A murine model to parallel infantile enteric disease was used to determine the effects of probiotic, L actobacillus acidophilus ( L a), prebiotic, inulin, or both (synbiotic, syn) on pathogen‐induced inflammatory responses, NF ‐κ B , and S mad 7 signaling. Newborn mice were inoculated bi‐weekly for 4 weeks with La, inulin, or syn and challenged with C itrobacter rodentium ( C r) at 5 weeks. Mouse intestinal epithelial cells ( CMT 93) were exposed to C r to determine temporal alterations in NF ‐ K appa B and S mad 7 levels. Mice with pretreatment of L a, inulin, and syn show reduced intestinal inflammation following C r infection compared with controls, which is associated with significantly reduced bacterial colonization in L a, inulin, and syn animals. Our results further show that host defense against C r infection correlated with enhanced colonic IL ‐10 and transforming growth factor‐β expression and inhibition of NF ‐κ B in syn‐treated mice, whereas mice pretreated with syn, L a, or inulin had attenuation of C r‐induced S mad 7 expression. There was a temporal S mad 7 and NF ‐κ B intracellular accumulation post‐ C r infection and post‐tumor necrosis factor stimulation in CMT 93 cells. These results, therefore, suggest that probiotic, L a, prebiotic inulin, or synbiotic may promote host‐protective immunity and attenuate C r‐induced intestinal inflammation through mechanisms affecting NF ‐κ B and S mad 7 signaling.