Open AccessImmunobiological activities of a new nontoxic lipopolysaccharide from Acidiphilium GS18h/ATCC55963, a soil isolate from an Indian copper mine
Author(s) -
Bera Rabindranath,
Nayak Abhijit,
Sarkar Chinmoy,
Singh Suman Kumar,
Ratha Jagnyeswar,
Bhadra Ranjan
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
fems immunology & medical microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1574-695X
pISSN - 0928-8244
DOI - 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2006.00131.x
Subject(s) - lipopolysaccharide , lipid a , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , rhodobacter , escherichia coli , macrophage , tumor necrosis factor alpha , monocyte , lymphokine , rhodobacter sphaeroides , bacteria , in vitro , biochemistry , immunology , gene , mutant , genetics
A novel nontoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was purified from Acidiphilium strain GS18h/ATCC55963. The chemical composition of the lipid A part of this LPS is distinctly different from that of known lipid A molecules. The LPS was investigated to determine its capacity to provide protection against toxic LPS or endotoxic shock, as has been reported for other nontoxic LPSs ( Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodobacter capsulatus ), and also the extent and type of immunomodulatory response in terms of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐β), and IL‐6 release as well as NO secretion by stimulated monocyte–macrophage systems. This study demonstrates clearly that mice immunized or primed with this LPS are fully protected against challenge with toxic Escherichia coli LPS. Unlike most of the extensively studied nontoxic LPSs, this LPS induced reactive nitrogen intermediates and released TNF‐α, IL‐β and IL‐6 in both mouse and human monocyte–macrophage systems. However, the extent of the cytokine and lymphokine releasing response was well below the range of the toxic LPS, for example that of E. coli . Owing to its capacity to provide immunostimulation of the host without causing any lethality to ensure protection against endotoxic shock, this LPS appears to have potential therapeutic value.