Open AccessUnveiling the fungal mycobiota present throughout the cork stopper manufacturing process
Author(s) -
Barreto Maria C.,
Houbraken Jos,
Samson Robert A.,
Brito Dulce,
Gadanho Mário,
San Romão Maria V.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
fems microbiology ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.377
H-Index - 155
eISSN - 1574-6941
pISSN - 0168-6496
DOI - 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01419.x
Subject(s) - mycobiota , biology , cork , penicillium , cladosporium , population , botany , demography , sociology
A particular fungal population is present in the main stages of the manufacturing process of cork discs. Its diversity was studied using both dependent (isolation) and independent culture methods (denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis and cloning of the ITS 1‐5.8 S ‐ ITS 2 region). The mycobiota in the samples taken in the stages before and after the first boiling seems to be distinct from the population in the subsequent manufacturing stages. Most isolated fungi belong to the genera P enicillium , E urotium and C ladosporium . The presence of uncultivable fungi, A scomycota and endophytes in raw cork was confirmed by sequencing. The samples taken after the first boiling contained uncultivable fungi, but in a few samples some isolated fungi were also detected. The main taxa present in the following stages were C hrysonilia sitophila , P enicillium glabrum and P enicillium spp. All applied techniques had complementary outcomes. The main factors driving the shift in cork fungal colonization seem to be the high levels of humidity and temperature to which the slabs are subjected during the boiling process.