Open AccessSubcellular distribution of glutathione and its dynamic changes under oxidative stress in the yeast S accharomyces cerevisiae
Author(s) -
Zechmann Bernd,
Liou LiangChun,
Koffler Barbara E.,
Horvat Lucija,
Tomašić Ana,
Fulgosi Hrvoje,
Zhang Zhaojie
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
fems yeast research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.991
H-Index - 92
eISSN - 1567-1364
pISSN - 1567-1356
DOI - 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2011.00753.x
Subject(s) - glutathione , vacuole , mitochondrion , biology , saccharomyces cerevisiae , oxidative stress , biochemistry , glutathione reductase , reactive oxygen species , microbiology and biotechnology , oxidative phosphorylation , cytosol , cytoplasm , yeast , enzyme , glutathione peroxidase
Glutathione is an important antioxidant in most prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It detoxifies reactive oxygen species and is also involved in the modulation of gene expression, in redox signaling, and in the regulation of enzymatic activities. In this study, the subcellular distribution of glutathione was studied in S accharomyces cerevisiae by quantitative immunoelectron microscopy. Highest glutathione contents were detected in mitochondria and subsequently in the cytosol, nuclei, cell walls, and vacuoles. The induction of oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide ( H 2 O 2 ) led to changes in glutathione‐specific labeling. Three cell types were identified. Cell types I and II contained more glutathione than control cells. Cell type II differed from cell type I in showing a decrease in glutathione‐specific labeling solely in mitochondria. Cell type III contained much less glutathione contents than the control and showed the strongest decrease in mitochondria, suggesting that high and stable levels of glutathione in mitochondria are important for the protection and survival of the cells during oxidative stress. Additionally, large amounts of glutathione were relocated and stored in vacuoles in cell type III , suggesting the importance of the sequestration of glutathione in vacuoles under oxidative stress.