Open AccessDiscreteness effects in cosmological N ‐body simulations
Author(s) -
Binney James
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.058
H-Index - 383
eISSN - 1365-2966
pISSN - 0035-8711
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07699.x
Subject(s) - physics , halo , convergence (economics) , radius , astrophysics , dark matter , cold dark matter , relaxation (psychology) , cosmology , statistical physics , galaxy , psychology , social psychology , computer science , economics , economic growth , computer security
An estimate of the convergence radius of a simulated cold dark matter halo is obtained under the assumption that the peak phase‐space density in the system is set by discreteness effects that operate prior to relaxation. The predicted convergence radii are approximately a factor of 2 larger than those estimated for numerical convergence studies. A toy model is used to study the formation of sheets of the cosmic web, from which dark matter haloes form later. This model demonstrates the interplay between phase mixing and violent relaxation that must also be characteristic of spherical collapse. In the limit in which sheets contain arbitrarily many particles, it seems that power‐law profiles are established in both distance and energy. When only a finite number of particles are employed, relaxation is prematurely terminated and the power laws are broken. In a given simulation, the sheets with the highest peak phase‐space densities are those that form from the longest waves. Hence simulations with little small‐scale power are expected to form the cuspiest haloes.