Star formation and the environment of nearby field galaxies

We investigate the environmental dependence of galaxies with star formation from a volume‐limited sample of 4782 nearby field galaxy spectra extracted from the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey final data release. The environment is characterized by the local spatial density of galaxies, estimated from the distance to the fifth nearest neighbour. Extensive simulations have been made to estimate local density correction factors resulting from sample incompleteness. We discriminate the galaxies in distinct spectral classes – passive, star‐forming and short starburst galaxies – by the use of the equivalent widths (EWs) of [O ii ]λ3727 and Hδ. The frequency of galaxies of different classes is then evaluated as a function of the environment. We show that the fraction of star‐forming galaxies decreases with increasing density, whereas passive galaxies present the opposite behaviour. The fraction of short starburst galaxies, which suffered a starburst at ∼200 Myr ago, do not present strong environmental dependence. The fraction of this class of galaxies is also approximately constant with galaxy luminosity, except for the faintest bins in the sample, where their fraction seems to increase. We find that the star formation properties are affected in all ranges of densities present in our sample (which excludes clusters), which supports the idea that star formation in galaxies is affected by the environment everywhere. We suggest that mechanisms like tidal interactions, which act in all environments, do play a relevant role in star formation in galaxies.