Open AccessMeat and bone meal replacement in diets for juvenile gibel carp ( Carassius auratus gibelio ): effects on growth performance, phosphorus and nitrogen loading
Author(s) -
ZHANG S.,
XIE S.,
ZHU X.,
LEI W.,
YANG Y.,
ZHAO M.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
aquaculture nutrition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.941
H-Index - 79
eISSN - 1365-2095
pISSN - 1353-5773
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2006.00431.x
Subject(s) - biology , carp , feed conversion ratio , zoology , protein efficiency ratio , dry matter , phosphorus , alkaline phosphatase , meal , weight gain , superoxide dismutase , juvenile , fish meal , endocrinology , medicine , biochemistry , food science , body weight , chemistry , fishery , fish <actinopterygii> , enzyme , ecology , organic chemistry , oxidative stress
A 11‐week growth trial was conducted in a flow‐through system with juvenile gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio to evaluate the effects of gradual replacement of fish meal (FM) by meat and bone meal (MBM) on growth performance, phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) loading. Six isonitrogenous (crude protein: 410 g kg −1 ) and isoenergetic (gross energy: 18 kJ g −1 ) diets were formulated. FM was used as the control protein. In the other five diets, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% FM protein was substituted with MBM 20 , MBM 40 , MBM 60 , MBM 80 , MBM 100 , respectively. Total P content in the diets ranged from 16.0 to 28.3 g kg −1 and the available P was 5.0–6.6 g kg −1 . The results showed that the best growth was achieved with fish fed on the control diet and MBM 20 . Final body weight, weight gain, feed efficiency, protein retention efficiency and energy retention efficiency decreased with increased dietary MBM. No significant differences were found in the feeding rate and hepatosomatic index between the groups. Apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter, protein and P decreased with increase in dietary MBM, while there were no significant differences in the ADC of energy. P and N retention decreased linearly while P and N loading increased linearly with the increased dietary MBM levels. No significant differences were observed in the activity of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, as well as pyruvate kinase in liver or in serum. Total superoxide dismutase activity in MBM 20 was significantly higher than that of MBM 100 .