Crocodilus affuvelensis Matheron, 1869 from the Late Cretaceous of southern France: a reassessment

Hitherto unpublished crocodylian remains, including four skull fragments, from the lignite‐bearing localities of Valdonne and Fuveau (Santonian–Campanian), south‐eastern France, are described. They complement the original material of ‘ Crocodilus affuvelensis ’ described by Matheron (1869) and Repelin (1930). Based on overlapping specimens, available elements of the rostrum, the palate, the skull table, the mandible and the pterygoid can be shown to belong to a single taxon, for which a reconstruction is proposed. Designation of a neotype has been proposed to the ICZN committee. A new genus, Massaliasuchus , is proposed here to designate the crocodylian originally described as Crocodilus affuvelensis . This crocodylian presents affinities with basal alligatoroids and complements the picture of crocodylian diversity during the Late Cretaceous in the European archipelago. Massaliasuchus affuvelensis is compared with other European taxa and with basal alligatoroids from North America. The putative basal position of Massaliasuchus as well as its early geological age suggest that the geographical origin of the Alligatoroidea is still uncertain. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2008, 152 , 567–580.