Open AccessAllometric and non‐allometric consequences of inbreeding on Drosophila melanogaster wings
Author(s) -
TROTTA VINCENZO,
CAVICCHI SANDRO,
GUERRA DANIELA,
ANDERSEN DITTE H.,
BABBITT GREGORY A.,
KRISTENSEN TORSTEN N.,
PEDERSEN KAMILLA S.,
LOESCHCKE VOLKER,
PERTOLDI CINO
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
biological journal of the linnean society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.906
H-Index - 112
eISSN - 1095-8312
pISSN - 0024-4066
DOI - 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01588.x
Subject(s) - allometry , inbreeding , biology , population , evolutionary biology , drosophila melanogaster , wing , zoology , ecology , genetics , demography , sociology , gene , engineering , aerospace engineering
Inbreeding is expected to increase the variability in size and shape within populations. The distinct effects of inbreeding on size and shape suggest that they are governed by different developmental pathways. One unresolved question is whether the non‐allometric shape component is partially unconstrained developmentally and therefore whether shape is evolvable. In the present study, we utilized a mass outbred population of Drosophila melanogaster maintained at standard laboratory conditions. Eight lines with equivalent expected levels of inbreeding ( F ≈ 0.67) were obtained by restricting the size of each population to two pairs for nine generations. Nine landmarks were measured on Drosophila wings of the inbreed lines and compared with those of the mass population. Wing landmarks comprise an excellent model system for studying evolution of size and shape. Landmark measurements were analyzed with a Procrustes generalized least squares procedure. To visualize global shape changes among samples, we reconstructed the mean shape and the shape changes related to both the allometric and non‐allometric components. An increased variability in the non‐allometric shape component was found with inbreeding. This indicated that shape was not entirely developmentally constrained, and therefore that shape appears to be evolvable. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2011, 102 , 626–634.