Open AccessPopulation structure, diversity, and phylogeography in the near‐threatened Eurasian black vultures Aegypius monachus (Falconiformes; Accipitridae) in Europe: insights from microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA variation
Author(s) -
POULAKAKIS NIKOS,
ANTONIOU AGLAIA,
MANTZIOU GEORGIA,
PARMAKELIS ARIS,
SKARTSI THEODORA,
VASILAKIS DIMITRIS,
ELORRIAGA JAVIER,
DE LA PUENTE JAVIER,
GAVASHELISHVILI ALEXANDER,
GHASABYAN MAMIKON,
KATZNER TODD,
MCGRADY MICHAEL,
BATBAYAR NYAMBAYAR,
FULLER MARK,
NATSAGDORJ TSEVEENMYADAG
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
biological journal of the linnean society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.906
H-Index - 112
eISSN - 1095-8312
pISSN - 0024-4066
DOI - 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01099.x
Subject(s) - biology , biological dispersal , phylogeography , genetic diversity , allopatric speciation , threatened species , effective population size , population , accipitridae , genetic structure , mitochondrial dna , evolutionary biology , ecology , genetic variation , genetics , phylogenetics , demography , predation , sociology , habitat , gene
The Eurasian black vulture ( Aegypius monachus ) has experienced a severe decline during the last two centuries and is globally classified as near‐threatened. This has led to the extinction of many traditional breeding areas in Europe and resulted in the present patchy distribution (Iberian and Balkan peninsulas) in the Western Palearctic. In the present study, we describe the current genetic status of the European populations using both mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences and nuclear microsatellite markers, comparing with those found in Asia (Mongolia and Caucasus region). Although, mitochondrial (mt)DNA revealed a relatively low genetic variability (haplotype diversity), no evidence of genome‐wide genetic erosion exists because nuclear diversity exhibits normal levels and strong differentiation. A highly philopatric dispersal behaviour must be invoked to explain the existence of a clear pattern that revealed by the phylogeographic analysis, which indicates a sharp East–West clinal distribution and an allopatric differentiation. The distribution of mtDNA haplotypes one in the Iberian population and two in Balkan population and the significance divergence at nuclear loci fulfill the definitions of those populations as evolutionary significant units. We discuss how management strategies should aim at the maintenance (or increase) of current genetic variability levels, suggesting that independent conservation plans are urgently required to protect these two breeding European populations from extinction. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2008, 95 , 859–872.