Evaluating the Legacies of State‐Building: Success, Failure, and the Role of Responsibility

What impact do international state‐building missions have on the domestic politics of states they seek to build, and how can we measure this impact with confidence? This article seeks to address these questions and challenge some existing approaches that often appear to assume that state‐builders leave lasting legacies rather than demonstrating such influence with the use of carefully chosen empirical evidence. Too often, domestic conditions that follow in the wake of international state‐building are assumed to follow as a result of international intervention, usually due to insufficient attention to the causal processes that link international actions to domestic outcomes. The article calls for greater appreciation of the methodological challenges to establishing causal inferences regarding the legacies of state‐building and identifies three qualitative methodological strategies—process tracing, counterfactual analysis, and the use of control cases—that can be used to improve confidence in causal claims about state‐building legacies. The article concludes with a case study of international state‐building in E ast T imor, highlighting several flaws of existing evaluations of the U nited N ations' role in E ast T imor and identifying the critical role that domestic actors play even in the context of authoritative international intervention.