Open AccessProcesses of ecometric patterning: modelling functional traits, environments, and clade dynamics in deep time
Author(s) -
Polly P. David,
Lawing A. Michelle,
Eronen Jussi T.,
Schnitzler Jan
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
biological journal of the linnean society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.906
H-Index - 112
eISSN - 1095-8312
pISSN - 0024-4066
DOI - 10.1111/bij.12716
Subject(s) - biology , biological dispersal , clade , evolutionary biology , trait , extinction (optical mineralogy) , phylogenetic tree , ecology , adaptation (eye) , selection (genetic algorithm) , rate of evolution , paleontology , demography , population , genetics , gene , neuroscience , artificial intelligence , sociology , computer science , programming language
Ecometric patterning is community‐level sorting of functional traits along environmental gradients that arises historically by geographic sorting, trait evolution, and extinction. We developed a stochastic model to explore how ecometric patterns and clade dynamics emerge from microevolutionary processes. Strong selection, high probability of extirpation, and high heritability led to strong ecometric patterning, but high rates of dispersal and weak selection do not. Phylogenetic structuring arose only when selection intensity, dispersal, and extirpation are all high. Ancestry and environmental geography produced historical effects on patterns of trait evolution and local diversity of species, but ecometric patterns appeared to be largely deterministic. Phylogenetic trait correlations and clade sorting appear to arise more easily in changing environments than static ones. Microevolutionary parameters and historical factors both affect ecometric lag time and thus balance between extinction, adaptation, and geographic reorganization as responses to climate change.