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The adaptive canalization hypothesis predicts that highly fitness‐relevant traits are canalized via past selection, resulting in low phenotypic plasticity and high robustness to environmental stress. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the level of phenotypic plasticity of male body size of the predatory mites   P hytoseiulus persimilis  (low plasticity) and   N eoseiulus californicus  (high plasticity) reflects the effects of body size variation on fitness, especially male lifetime reproductive success ( LRS ). We first generated small and standard‐sized males of   P . persimilis  and   N . californicus  by rearing them to adulthood under limited and ample prey supply, respectively. Then, adult small and standard‐sized males were provided with surplus virgin females throughout life to assess their mating and reproductive traits. Small male body size did not affect male longevity or the number of fertilized females but reduced male  LRS  of   P . persimilis  but not   N . californicus . Proximately, the lower  LRS  of small than standard‐sized   P . persimilis  males correlated with shorter mating durations, probably decreasing the amount of transferred sperm. Ultimately, we suggest that male body size is more strongly canalized in   P . persimilis  than   N . californicus  because deviation from standard body size has larger detrimental fitness effects in   P . persimilis  than   N . californicus . © 2014 The Authors. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of The Linnean Society of London,  Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2014,  111 , 889–899.

Canalization of body size matters for lifetime reproductive success of male predatory mites ( A cari: P hytoseiidae)